The pursuit for efficiency across the entire quarrying operation has always been a massive undertaking. As Chris van der Loo explains, the quest for better performance, courtesy of the latest integrated, holistic haul cycle monitoring programs, may finally be achievable.
Optimising efficiency is an ongoing challenge for any aggregates operator. Identifying, eliminating and controlling waste in the haul cycle is key to staying on schedule and improving the bottom line, but inefficiencies can be difficult to identify and overcome. However, the difference between efficient and inefficient operations can be significant.
A joint Ernst & Young/Sustainable Minerals Institute study, for example, reports that companies that successfully use data outperform their peers by 20 per cent and continue to generate additional value through analytic insights that enable informed data-driven decision-making at an executive level.1
Benefits can be realised in time savings, worker and equipment productivity, and increased profitability. Real or near real time insight into operations, including how efficiently equipment moves material from beginning to the end of the process, enables ongoing incremental changes that boost production and profits.
ELIMINATING WASTE IN THE WORKFLOW
Eliminating waste has long been an area of focus for fleet managers but a number of obstacles and limitations have prevented detailed insight into where waste is generated and how to address it. Traditional truck scales may not provide accurate payload measurement until the machine is moving, which is too late to optimise the load. Production data is typically siloed, with no feedback to other operators and equipment, or the wider team responsible for the site, region or division via a central data hub.
“Many solutions manage productivity by section, checking if a KPI is good or bad. Managers can then focus on the ones that are off,” Steve Franklin, the CEO of Cement & Aggregate Consulting, said. “But the granular data is also important to allow us to break down each component of every haul cycle. A good dashboard allows managers to manage by exception, and also look deeper into the haul cycle when required to compare against site targets. When we load trucks to payload accurately, I expect a 20 to 30 per cent increase in productivity, as a rough guess. We see very underutilised load and haul fleets, which leads to lost revenue, higher capital costs and lower profitability. Most sites can do more with their existing equipment, personnel, and resources.”
To date, haul cycle monitoring has required managers to evaluate stale data or make decisions with incomplete or incorrect data. It can take days – or weeks – before operational data is available for review. Managers can only then make changes to improve operations based on what happened some time ago, but periodic modifications can be imprecise. In other cases, a problem might be obvious – perhaps the cycle time or load or haul times are too long – but the root cause and how to fix it may be elusive.
“There are big opportunities for improvements in most load and haul operations,” Franklin said. “Trucks and loading tools are generally not sufficiently utilised, and there are three steps to address that – get the equipment working, increase the rate, in terms of volume, or tonnes per hour moved, and improve loading accuracy. Making well informed decisions using accurate data is key to all three steps.”
LOAD/HAUL IN THE CONNECTED FLEET
The landscape is changing as technology improves, including:
- More precise, durable, automated networked sensors for weighing loads.
- Improved location precision and geofencing to monitor load/haul trucks.
- Faster, more reliable on-site communications.
- Real time cloud-based reporting that integrates mobile equipment and productivity information presented as easy to read reports with critical key performance indicators (KPIs).
“It can be challenging to get timely, accurate load/haul data without being on-site,” Franklin said. “Downloading data from trucks manually is expensive, and the information is always out of date. We should be able to access detailed information remotely.”
Solutions that give visibility across the operation, like Trimble’s new Smart Haul system, have ushered in the age of the connected fleet. The integration of accurate excavator on-board scales, truck location tracking, and Insight dashboards provides a holistic view and the ability to make adjustments during the shift. Operators and managers can access automated, accurate information to help production and operations make better informed business decisions.
By automating data capture as much as possible, and by reducing operator interaction with the system, the data match for payload data combined with truck data is eliminated. There is no reliance on a human pressing a button at the correct moment, and that independence from the operator helps eliminate errors that taint data sets, improving accuracy. That improves the learning curve for new operators, and keeps experienced operators focused on using their equipment efficiently. The result of automated collection is a significant improvement in capturing a reliable, useful data set to drive operational improvements.
The result is the ability to make proactive changes to eliminate waste. Rather than implementing operational decisions based on last week’s data, site managers can use the current status to proactively make decisions and modify operations. This means instead of addressing issues from days ago that are likely no longer relevant, managers can make changes hourly, or even minute by minute.
On one job site, for example, there was a bottleneck at the dump point. While the unloading process itself was going smoothly and as predicted, trucks were being delayed because the traffic light to let trucks unload was slow to respond. Using a system that measured the time of each phase of the cycle allowed the fleet manager to quickly identify the delay and implement a quicker signal change that reflected the true unload time, fixed the problem and lowered the overall cycle time. Shortening the light cycle yielded a site-wide productivity improvement of 10 per cent.
LOOKING FOR IMPROVEMENT
There are two main areas where managers can focus to improve operations and decrease waste and inefficiency in their hauling system:
- Operational efficiency. How well are trucks being loaded? Is every load at capacity? Are they being loaded with the right material? Are loads going to the right destination? How long does it take to complete a load cycle? Something as simple as slow spotting time can create a significant sitewide slowdown if it isn’t monitored. Are you adhering to the truck manufacturer’s guidelines on loading and overloading?
- Utilisation. How well are your on-site assets being managed? Are machines idle? Are trucks waiting to be loaded or to unload? Is your traffic flow across the operation smooth and efficient? Are the right operators working on the right equipment? Are excavators waiting for trucks to arrive for loading? Are operators loading and hauling efficiently? Is refuelling being handled efficiently? A holistic view of load and haul can indicate a need to add another truck or excavator to the workflow or to identify slower operators who may need more training or a refresher session.
By taking a close look at the answers to these questions, operators can gain a lot more visibility into the overall business, and can often find opportunities to eliminate waste and improve efficiency – and profitability.
“We worked with a site and reviewed their haul truck payload reports, which showed, month after month, they hauled an average 52 tonnes per truck load,” Franklin recalled. “When reviewing the data, it showed the correct payload was 61 tonnes. The actual payload must be compared to the percentage of target payload. In this
case, their truck fleet was 20 per cent larger than needed because they failed to load that last nine tonnes to every truck. Those two extra trucks were about $3 million in capital, plus operating costs and maintenance – that’s about $1 million a year in extra operating costs.”
CONNECTING THE DOTS
The benefits of a connected load and haul system, near real time central data gathering across the fleet, and fast, efficient reporting are significant. Site management can identify problems, including bottlenecks, that hurt production efficiency. It can provide individual feedback to operators to improve their performance without more intrusive intervention. Tracking progress in real time, including material movement from dig to dump, enables hour to hour and day to day gains, as well as overall operational improvements. Better asset management, from improved utilisation of the fleet to better loading and optimised haul cycles mean fewer delays, increased efficiency, and a stronger bottom line.
Look for a system that helps the operator ensure each load is optimised, and that supports mixed fleets. This will provide one view to access the whole fleet and improve data integrity by automating tasks and taking the data burden off operators so they can focus on their jobs. It is also important to select a system that gathers load data from the excavator for accurate loading, and if it is important for end users to use existing reporting tools, look for one that provides raw data through an API. And, importantly, select a system with a user-friendly interface that allows quick and simple use of the data and customisable set-up so each user sees the most useful information.
Improved technology – across hardware, data aggregation and analysis, and networks – makes data more important every day for those tracking and improving every operational phase. An integrated approach to monitoring and assessing load/haul operations is critical to improving asset management, adjusting on the fly to
address problems and boost efficiency, keeping projects on time, and improving
the bottom line.
Chris van der Loo is the business area director for Trimble’s Weighing and Aggregates business, including LOADRITE products.
REFERENCE & FURTHER READING
1. Productivity in mining: Now comes the hard part. A global survey. Ernst & Young/Sustainable Minerals Institute, 2017.
ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-productivity-in-mining-now-comes-the-hard-part/$FILE/EY-productivity-in-mining-now-comes-the-hard-part.pdf